My Natural Science Glossary

My Natural Science Glossary.

Hello, my name is Katrine Boivin. I have been studying Natural Science for one year at Montmorency College with the hopes of becoming a doctor in the future. Therefore, this glossary could be helpful for students who want to learn technical words related to healthcare. In it, you will find basic words used in this field and also more precise words of conditions that would be used in a hospital. By learning these words, you could have a better understanding of the situations in healthcare settings. Note : The definitions come from Google.

anaphylactic shock: noun; An exaggerated allergic reaction that can lead to death.; Example: Important differential diagnoses to exclude would include an anaphylactic shock and airway obstruction by a foreign body or tumor.; en: choc anaphylactique
anatomy: noun; The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.; Example: The anatomy of the human body is quite interesting.; en: anatomie
anemia: noun; A condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness.; Example: The heavy bleeding can even go so far as to cause anemia.; en: anémie
arrhythmia: noun; A condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm.; Example: The reason for the arrhythmia could be due to electrolyte imbalance, and it needs to be checked on blood tests.; en: arythmie
blood clot: noun; A semi-solid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network.; Example: Also, there may be damaged to artery walls causing roughening on the vascular surface, promoting blood clot formation.; en: caillot de sang
blunt trauma: noun; Blunt trauma, blunt injury, non-penetrating trauma or blunt force trauma refers to physical trauma caused to a body part, either by impact, injury or physical attack; the latter usually being referred to as blunt force trauma.; Example: Bruising is bleeding by damaged blood vessels beneath the surface of the skin. This is invariably caused by blunt trauma.; en: traumatisme contondant
catheter: noun; A medical device consisting of a tube of varying width and flexibility, and made of different materials depending on the model or the uses for which they are intended: to be inserted into the lumen of a body cavity or blood vessel and allow the drainage of liquid or infusion, or access to other medical devices.; Example: There was not one urinary catheter, sputum pot or nebulizer visible.; en: cathéter
cephalalgia: noun; It is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck.; Example: These symptoms are systemic symptoms such as cephalalgia, drowsiness, crisis, and ataxia.; en: céphalée
cerebrovascular accident (CVA): noun; A sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain caused by rupture of an artery in the brain (cerebral haemorrhage) or the blocking of a blood vessel, as by a blood clot.; Example: Brain damage can be due to various problems such as cerebrovascular accident, brain trauma or encephalitis infections.; en: accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC)
convulsion: noun; A sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limb or of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associated especially with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certain toxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children.; Example: The sudden convulsion looks like the beginning of a seizure.; en: convulsion
cyanosis: noun; A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.; Example: Other signs associated with hypoxia may also occur in life-threatening attack such as cyanosis, exhaustion, and confusion.; en: cyanose
eclampsia: noun; A condition in which one or more convulsions occur in a pregnant woman suffering from high blood pressure, often followed by a coma and posing a threat to the health of the mother and her baby.; Example: She also delivered her twin sons six weeks early by caesarean section after developing pre-eclampsia.; en: éclampsie
edema: noun; A condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.; Example: This will expedite the removal of hemarthrosis, reduce spasms, edema and pain as well as reduce nerve root irritation when present.; en: œdème
embolism: noun; Obstruction of an artery, typically by a clot of blood or an air bubble.; Example: Anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a controlled trial.; en: embolie
endotracheal tube: noun; A catheter that is inserted into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to maintain an open air passage, to deliver oxygen, to permit the suctioning of mucus or to prevent aspiration of the stomach contents.; Example: If IVs can not be continued, some drugs can be given via an endotracheal tube.; en: sonde endotrachéale
epistaxis: noun; Bleeding from the nose.; Example: When the medial wall is fractured and the nasal fossa opened into, epistaxis and emphysema of the orbit are constant symptoms.; en: épistaxis
hemoglobin: noun; A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of our body.; Example: When there isn't enough iron in the diet, the body can't produce enough hemoglobin.; en: hémoglobine
hemorrhage: noun; An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, especially when profuse.; Example: Pressure applied with a sterile pressure dressing will control hemorrhage.; en: hémorragie
intravenous injection: noun; Technical administration of drugs into a vein or veins for rapid action.; Example: Intravenous administration has also been shown to have no significantly different effect on either hospital admission rates or peak expiratory flow readings.; en: injection intraveineuse
mydriasis: noun; A dilation of the pupil of the eye.; Example: The doctor noted the patient's mydriasis, which is likely caused by the new medication.; en: mydriase
neurological dysfunction: noun; Any disorder of the body nervous system. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms.; Example: None of the participants reported any history of neurological disorders or hearing problems.; en: dysfonctionnement neurologique
paresthesia: noun; An abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking ("pins and needles"), caused chiefly by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves.; Example: In severe cases, hypocalcemia can lead to depression, paresthesia, and seizures.; en: paresthésie
pneumothorax: noun; The presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.; Example: Pneumothorax can occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma.; en: pneumothorax
prosopagnosia: noun; A neurological condition characterized by the inability to recognize the faces of familiar people.; Example: Another consequence of damage to the fusiform gyrus is prosopagnosia.; en: prosopagnosie
trauma: noun; A physical injury.; Example: Prior to obtaining radiographs, the limb should be temporarily immobilized to minimize soft tissue trauma and improve patient comfort.; en: traumatisme